The Llibre Vermell de Montserrat (Library of Montserrat, ms 1) is a codex of 135 parchment folios, written in Latin and Catalan, created at the Montserrat Scriptorium during the 14th and 15th centuries, and bound in red covers. Its content is a miscellany of texts, collected without any pre-established order, meant for the staff working at the Sanctuary of Montserrat who attended to the pilgrims. It includes a long record of miracles performed by the holy image, as well as texts for preaching, privileges and indulgences, pilgrimage itineraries, information about the confraternity, prayers and rituals, catechetical notes, an astrological calendar, etc. However, this codex is world-famous for its ten transcribed songs with music, which were sung by the pilgrims of Montserrat—five of which were round dances. Some of them were common in other places, but others are unique to Montserrat.
The original Llibre Vermell can currently be seen in the exhibition “Montserrat, a thousand years of art and history”, hosted by the Montserrat Museum as part of the Millennium of Montserrat, until December 8, 2025.